Which type of radiation has the highest penetration ability?

Gamma rays possess the highest penetration ability among the types of radiation listed. This characteristic stems from their nature as electromagnetic waves, akin to visible light but with much higher energy. Gamma rays do not carry a charge and have no mass, allowing them to traverse materials more effectively than charged particles like alpha and beta particles.

Alpha particles, while having significant energy, are heavy and possess a positive charge, making them easily stopped by even a few centimeters of air or the outer layers of human skin. Beta particles, being lighter and negatively or positively charged, have better penetration capabilities than alpha particles, but they can still be blocked by materials such as plastic or glass.

In contrast, gamma rays can penetrate several centimeters of lead or even meters of concrete. This high penetration ability makes them useful in various applications, including medical treatments and industrial radiography, but also necessitates stringent safety measures to prevent harmful exposure. Thus, gamma rays are recognized for their significant ability to penetrate different materials, distinguishing them as the most penetrating form of radiation among the options presented.